1. Driver
The driver acts as the heart of the flat-panel speaker. Key design considerations include a very short effective stroke-typically no more than 2 mm-and a lightweight voice coil to prevent significant high-frequency distortion. The design requires low mass, compact size, and strong magnetic force. To achieve high-quality performance, high-magnetic materials are used, typically requiring a magnetic flux density exceeding 10,000 Gauss.
2. Vibrating Panel
Functioning much like human vocal cords, the vibrating panel plays a decisive role in determining timbre, volume, and sound evenness; consequently, it is the most critical component after the driver (exciter) in flat-panel speakers.
3. Suspension System
The vibration mechanism of flat-panel speakers differs fundamentally from that of traditional loudspeakers. While conventional speakers rely on piston-like motion, flat-panel speakers utilize random vibration. As a result, they do not have a single resonant frequency point but rather a dozen or more; well-designed flat-panel speakers may exhibit over twenty such points.
4. Back Panel
The design of the rear housing must account for acoustic diffraction caused by openings in the casing, as flat-panel speakers operate via wave-like vibration. Since the rear surface generates sound pressure equal to that of the front (albeit with a phase difference), apertures are necessary to enhance sound radiation. This improves directivity, ensuring consistent sound quality regardless of the listener's position.