1. Driver: This acts as the heart of the flat-panel speaker. Key design considerations include a very short effective stroke-typically no more than 2mm-and a lightweight voice coil to prevent significant distortion. The design requires low weight, compact size, and strong magnetic force. High-magnetic materials are used-generally requiring a magnetic flux density exceeding 10,000 Gauss-to ensure good performance. Sometimes, multiple drivers (two or four) are employed to boost output sound pressure and achieve a superior frequency response curve; the specific number of drivers depends on the surface area and weight of the vibrating panel.
2. Vibrating Panel: Much like human vocal cords, this component plays a decisive role in determining timbre, volume, and sound evenness; consequently, it is the second most important component in a flat-panel speaker, ranking just behind the driver.
3. Suspension System: The vibration principle of flat-panel speakers differs fundamentally from that of traditional loudspeakers. While traditional speakers rely on piston-like vibration, flat-panel speakers utilize random vibration. As a result, there is not just a single resonant frequency point but rather a dozen or more-well-designed models may feature over twenty. Furthermore, the driver is not positioned at the exact center-as that location fails to yield maximum sound pressure or the smoothest frequency response-but rather at the optimal point for modal vibration. This is complemented by four suspension points arranged in a 1:9 ratio to form a balanced suspension system.
4. Back Panel: The design of the rear housing must account for acoustic diffraction issues caused by necessary openings, as flat-panel speakers operate via wave-like vibration. Since the rear generates sound pressure equal to that of the front, apertures are required to enhance sound radiation; this improves directivity and ensures consistent sound quality regardless of the listener's position.