Basic working principle
The principle of horn speaker is that the diaphragm pushes the air at the bottom of the horn. It consists of two parts: the vibration system (tweeter) and the horn. The vibration system is similar to that of the paper cone speaker, but the difference is that its diaphragm is not a paper cone, but a dome-shaped diaphragm. The vibration of the diaphragm radiates sound waves into the air through the horn (after two reflections).
Analyzing the principle from the acoustic point of view
Due to the large acoustic resistance, the efficiency of horn speakers is very high. During the propagation of sound, the vibration of the diaphragm causes the air to compress and expand in the horn, and then forms sound waves to propagate outward. However, the shape and length of the horn will affect the timbre, and it is not easy to reproduce low frequencies.
Principle of energy conversion and propagation
When an audio signal is input to the horn speaker, the electrical signal will cause the voice coil to generate an alternating magnetic field. This alternating magnetic field interacts with the fixed magnetic field, thereby driving the diaphragm to vibrate. The vibration of the diaphragm causes the air in the horn to vibrate, and finally converts the electrical signal into a sound signal and propagates it out.